Subject/Verb Agreement
The rules of Subject-Verb Agreement are about the use of S-endings on either the subject or verb (but not both). Here below are the example of Subject-Verb Agreement. For your information, in each sentence, the group of (black) bold word(s) is the subject and the group of remining word(s) is the predicate. It also is the key word that decides if the verb adds "-s" or not, is in maroon (bold) and all verbs and helping verbs are underlined.
Examples:
Count Noun
|
|
Singular
|
A computer costs a lot of money.
The kitten is cute. |
Plural
|
These chairs are
broken.
Those monkeys love climbing. |
Non-Count Noun
|
|
Verb is always
singular.
|
Water is not always clean.
Rice always tastes good. |
Group Noun
|
|
Singular
|
The football team practices daily.
His class screams when the teacher announces a test. |
Plural
|
Two gangs are
fighting.
Three teams are competing for first place. |
Pronoun
|
|
Singular
|
She cries too much.
He eats an apple a day. It runs on electricity. |
Singular
(Exception)
|
I like her.
You are a happy person. |
Plural
|
We study together often.
They are reading books. |
Indefinite Pronoun
|
|
Singular
|
Everything is fine with me.
Someone is knocking at the door. |
Plural
|
A few of the good books are left.
Some people like chocolate while others like vanilla. |
Either Singular or
Plural
|
None of his friends is going to the theatre.
Most of his friends love pizza. |
Noun Phrase with
Adjective
|
|
Singular
|
Mary's red pen is out of ink.
This thick book is interesting. |
Plural
|
High school boys play football games on
Saturdays.
Those cute puppies are barking. |
Noun Phrase with
Preposition
|
|
Singular
|
The cat on the fence is John's.
This folder under the table contains some articles and journals. Note: The subject is never the noun after the preposition. |
Plural |
The books on the top shelf are about American history. The girls in my class are smart. |
Clauses with that,
who, whom or which
|
|
Singular
|
The girl who is sitting across from me is looking at me now.
The newspaper which I need is under the table. |
Plural
|
The elephants that walk around the zoo are from Africa.
The children whom Mary loves are orphans. |
Gerund
|
|
It is always
considered as Singular |
Walking regularly helps us to improve our health.
Eating vegetables and fruit is good for us. |
Infinitive
|
|
It is always
considered as Singular |
To love everyone is a good action.
To make the Dean's List requires a lot of studying. |
Subject with
"and"
|
|
Notice: If you use and to show two subjects, the verb doesn't need an
S-ending.
|
Watering the plants and sweeping the
floor are John's daily
duties.
To read books and to write letters aredifferent skills. John and Mary have become good friends. |
Subject after verb
|
|
Singular
|
There has been a car parked there
since yesterday.
There is my book on the table. |
Plural
|
There are five children playing.
There are three big trees in the yard. |
Questions
|
|
Singular
|
Does she get mad at you often?
Is the puppy yours? |
Plural
|
Do they believe you?
Are those books good for our children? |
Vocabulary
— Subject - the doer of the action or state of being in a sentence or clause in a sentence.
— Verb - when used with the term subject, verb refers to the predicate in the sentence or clause in a sentence.
— Agreement - a term in grammar which refers to the consistency in gender, number, and person.
— Subject-verb agreement - the consistency in singular or plural (number) between the subject and predicate in a sentence or clause in a sentence: a singular noun must have a singular verb.
— Singular nouns - nouns (person, place, thing, or idea) indicating only one, generally not ending in the letter s: ship (singular); ships (plural - more than one).
— Plural nouns - nouns (person, place, thing, or idea) indicating more than one, generally ending in the letter s: (ship (singular); ships (plural - more than one). Irregular plural nouns: children, men, women, oxen, syllabi
— Singular verbs - action words or state of being conveying action or state of being of one subject, generally ends in the letter -s in the present tense: She goes, He rides
— Plural verbs - action words or state of being conveying action of state of being of more than one subject, generally not ending in the letter -s in the present tense: They ride, They explore
— Prepositional phrases - a word group beginning with a preposition (a word showing position) and an object: by the sea, in the house, under the tree. Occasionally, a prepositional phrase is between a subject and verb in a sentence or clause in the sentence.
— Relative pronoun phrase - a word group beginning with a relative pronoun (such as who, whom, which, whichever, whose, that) such as who is in the dining room orthat will be taken
— Indefinite pronoun - a pronoun (a word that can take the place of a noun) which does not indicate whether it is singular or plural.
— Some are always singular such as each, either, neither, and words that end in -body (anybody, somebody).
— Some indefinite pronouns are always plural such as few, many, several, both.
— Either/or; Neither/nor - separately the words either and neither are always singular. When used with the words or or nor, the verb agrees with the part of the subject which is closest.
— Some indefinite pronouns are based on context: all, any, none, most, some. The number (singular or plural) depends upon what noun these words are referring to in the sentence.
— Verb tense - variations of verbs to indicate time of action: past, present, future, progressive, and perfect
— Incorrect shifts in tense - where the tense in one part of the sentence does not reflect the literal time of the action in relation to the other part of the sentence
— Correct shifts in tense - where the tense in one part of the sentence reflects the literal time of the action in relation to the other part of the sentence
— Verb form - Verb form refers to the variety of a verb can be expressed:
— base form of verb – the simplest form of a verb: see, run, think
— the -s form of the verb – third person present form – She reads
— present participle – the -ing form of a verb
— past form of the verb – the past tense
— the past participle – generally the same as the past tense – the -ed form of the verb\
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